Journal: International Journal of Molecular Medicine

Article Title: Ebastine targets HER2/HER3 signaling and cancer stem cell traits to overcome trastuzumab resistance in HER2-positive breast cancer

doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2026.5751

Figure Lengend Snippet: EBA impairs cancer stem cell-like properties. (A) BT474 and SKBR3 cells were treated with EBA for 48 h, and ALDH1 activity was assessed by flow cytometry using the Aldefluor assay. DEAB was used to define the baseline of Aldefluor-positive fluorescence. (B) BT474 cells (5x10 4 cells/ml) were plated in ultra-low attachment dishes and cultured in the presence or absence of EBA for 5 days. The number and volume of mammospheres were measured by microscopy. (C) Overall survival of patients with breast cancer stratified by the co-expression of ALDH1A1 and CD44. (D) Spearman correlation analysis of ALDH1A1 and CD44 mRNA levels in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer from The Cancer Genome Atlas cohort (n=76). Kaplan-Meier survival analyses of patients with HER2-overexpressing breast cancer stratified by (E) ALDH1A1 and (F) CD44 expression. Patients were divided into high- and low-expression groups based on the median gene expression. Statistical significance was determined using the log-rank test. (G) JIMT-1 cells were treated with EBA (3 μ M) for 48 h and the CD44 high /CD24 low cell populations were identified by flow cytometry. (H) JIMT-1 cells (1.5x10 4 cells/ml) were cultured under serum-free suspension conditions in the presence of EBA (3 μ M) for 8 days. Mammosphere number and volumes were quantified. ** P<0.01 and **** P<0.0001 vs. vehicle-treated control (0 μ M EBA). EBA, ebastine; ALDH, aldehyde dehydrogenase; DEAB, diethylaminobenzaldehyde; CTL, control; ISO, isotype.

Article Snippet: The human breast cancer cell lines SKBR3, BT474, MDA-MB-453 (American Type Culture Collection) and JIMT-1 (Leibnitz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH) were cultured in DMEM, MEM or RPMI-1640 (all Sigma-Aldrich; Merck KGaA) supplemented with 10% FBS (Gibco; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.) and 100 U/ml penicillin-streptomycin at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO 2 .

Techniques: Activity Assay, Flow Cytometry, Fluorescence, Cell Culture, Microscopy, Expressing, Gene Expression, Suspension, Control

Journal: Nanomaterials

Article Title: Multiplexed Integrin Detection and Cancer Cell Classification Using Multicolor Gap-Enhanced Gold Nanorods and Machine Learning Algorithm

doi: 10.3390/nano15221693

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic of multiplexed integrin detection and cancer cell classification using multicolor GENRs and machine learning algorithm. ( a ) Synthesis and antibody conjugation of GENRs to detect a target-specific integrin (α3, β1, β3, β4, or β5) with distinct Raman reporters (SiNC, BHQ3, QXL680, QSY21, and DTDC, respectively). GENRs were synthesized via a two-step procedure, in which Raman reporters were first adsorbed onto CTAB-capped AuNRs and subsequently encapsulated by an external gold shell through a seed-mediated growth method. They were linked with target-specific antibodies via a thiolated PEG linker and saturated with mPEG-SH 5000. ( b ) Simultaneous detection of 5 integrin markers (α 3 , β 1 , β 3 , β 4 , and β 5 ) and three breast cancer subtypes (MCF7, MM231, and SKBR3) using the 5 color GENRs in conjunction with machine learning—based data analysis. PBMCs spiked with breast cancer cells (single or mixed cell lines) were subjected to WBC depletion using CD45-conjugated magnetic beads. Following nuclear (DAPI) and WBC (FITC-CD45) staining, CTCs were labeled with five-color GENRs, purified by centrifugation, and analyzed by dual fluorescence-Raman microscopy. Single-cell SERS spectra were deconvoluted using classical least squares (CLS) regression and subsequently classified via machine learning to identify distinct cell lines.

Article Snippet: Fetal bovine serum (FBS) and cancer cell lines SKBR3, MDA-MB-231 (MM231), and MCF7 were purchased from ATCC (Manassas, VA, USA).

Techniques: Conjugation Assay, Synthesized, Magnetic Beads, Staining, Labeling, Purification, Centrifugation, Fluorescence, Microscopy

Journal: Nanomaterials

Article Title: Multiplexed Integrin Detection and Cancer Cell Classification Using Multicolor Gap-Enhanced Gold Nanorods and Machine Learning Algorithm

doi: 10.3390/nano15221693

Figure Lengend Snippet: Five-plex integrin detection of breast cancer cells by GENRs. ( a ) SERS weight factor from single cells (n = 300) for each cell line. ( b ) Mean SERS weight factor from ( a ). The SERS weight factors varied according to the cell type, integrin type, and among the individual cells within the same cell line. Integrin β1 exhibited the highest expression across all three cell lines whereas β4 showed no to weak expression in all cell lines.

Article Snippet: Fetal bovine serum (FBS) and cancer cell lines SKBR3, MDA-MB-231 (MM231), and MCF7 were purchased from ATCC (Manassas, VA, USA).

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: Nanomaterials

Article Title: Multiplexed Integrin Detection and Cancer Cell Classification Using Multicolor Gap-Enhanced Gold Nanorods and Machine Learning Algorithm

doi: 10.3390/nano15221693

Figure Lengend Snippet: Detection and classification of breast cancer subtypes using integrin profiles and machine learning-based data analysis. ( a ) SERS weight factor for each marker from 450 SKBR3, MM231, and MCF7 mixed cells. ( b) Violin plot showing the distribution of each cancer marker expressions on single cells. ( c ) tSNE visualization of the labeled training data. ( d ) Confusion matrix from the training data with the actual cells along the y -axis and the predicted cells along the x -axis. Values are presented as fractions. ( e ) tSNE visualization of the cancer cells in the training set along with the predicted cells in the test set. Crosses represent predicted cell types and dots represent cells in the training set. ( f ) Correlation plot comparing the mean SERS values of five markers for the cells in the training set and the mean predicted SERS values of the markers of predicted cells. The black line is the linear fit and the red lines represent the uncertainty bounds. r is the Pearson’s correlation coefficient and p is the p -value for the slope indicating the significance of the linear correlation between y and x .

Article Snippet: Fetal bovine serum (FBS) and cancer cell lines SKBR3, MDA-MB-231 (MM231), and MCF7 were purchased from ATCC (Manassas, VA, USA).

Techniques: Marker, Labeling